Godine 1781. dolazi do službenog osnivanja židovske samostalne bogoštovne općine s vlastitom bogo­moljom i malim grobljem izvan gradskih zidina na predjelu Zagrada, odnosno Pomerija (sjeverni dio terena Zeniković - uz današnju Trinajstićevu ulicu). Kako se okolno područje vinograda oko groblja pomalo izgrađivalo i pretvaralo u (buduću) stambe­nu zonu, tako počinju i sve glasniji protesti građana, a stanovnici područja Zeniković 1871. traže pre­seljenje aktualnog (starog) židovskog groblja na područje novog - kozalskoga. Kao razloge za to navode da je židovsko groblje smješteno na privat­nom zemljištu, a uz to je i preblizu prometnoj ulici i naseljenom području. Novo će, međutim, židovsko groblje uistinu proraditi tek 1904. na unaprijed za nj predviđenom polju novoga komunalnog groblja Kozala.




         Gradska je uprava u više navrata upozoravala Židove da prestanu s ukopima na svom starom groblju, a nakon povlačenja Francuza iz Rijeke, 1831., i pismeno nudila Židovima da, zajedno s pravoslavcima, otkupe dio groblja na Kozali i tamo pokapaju mrtve, odredivši im i rok za preseljenje koji je Židovima bio prekratak, te su se žalili. Ni nakon otkupa tzv. zemljišta Tudorovich 1836., dio kojeg je bio predviđen za Židove (a dio za pravoslavce), oni ne poduzimaju ništa glede preseljenja iako se u vezi s tim u više navrata sastaju s pravoslavcima. I dok su pravoslavci ipak 1856. bili preseljeni na Kozalu, Židovi su, zbog specifične i teške situacije, tamo stigli tek 1875. godine. 1.338 ostalo je pokopano na Kozali.

         Na svojim je nacrtima groblja od samog početka inž. Emily planirao, ucrtavao i upisivao polje za židovsko groblje. Na nacrtima iz 1856. to je bila ugaona parcela odmah lijevo uz ulaz u groblje (na mjestu sadašnjeg servisnog i klesarskog dijela). Inženjer Giacomo Mattich 1882. predlaže nacrt za uređenje tog pravokutnog polja, ograđuje ga zidom od susjednog komunalnog polja i donjeg, katoličkog groblja.

        Poprečnim zidom koji dijeli teren na dvije polovice, nivelirao je blagi nagib u dva nivoa. Na nacrtu je zapisano da će radove izvesti protomuratore Giovanni Serdoz, glavni zidarski majstor. U međuvremenu je Societa Chevra Cadischa di Fiume dokupila dio zemljišta za ukop radi proširenja židovskog groblja. Iz Plana povećanja izraelitskog groblja s kraja 1889., koji je Tehnički ured dobio tek 1893., vidljivo je da se proširenje odnosi na susjednu parcelu koja je bila fondo comunale, površine gotovo dvostruke od već postojećeg židovskog groblja. Obje parcele, stara i nova, bile su smještene uz južni ogradni zid. U tom je planu bio definiran i zid prema udolini na zapadu, koji je odijelio židovsko groblje od katoličkog, a koji postoji i danas.




         Na dijelu staroga groblja, uz ogradni zid prema cesti kojom se iz Rijeke prilazilo glavnom ulazu u groblje Kozala, graditelj Francesco Plaček je zamislio malu mrtvačnicu s ulazom za groblje. Kućica je projektirana kao prizemni objekt s dvoslivnim krovom. Pročelje je simetrično podijeljeno na dva lučna otvora s okulusom na sredini čela i nizom polukružnih slijepih arkadica pod strehom, što građevini daje neoromanička obilježja. U polovini je kućice trebala biti mrtvačnica, a u drugoj pasaž s ulazom u groblje.

       Izgleda da je ova građevina ubrzo postala premala jer u lipnju 1893. Plaček predlaže novi nacrt mrtvačnice, nešto većih dimenzija, pravokutnog tlocrta s tri prostora. Između dviju odarnica, za uobičajene smrtne slučajeve i one od zaraze, je pasaž s vratnicama od kovanog željeza. Pročelje je neoklasicističko, tripartitno - između četiri korintska polustupa na visokim bazama bočni su zidovi ukrašeni horizontalnom vrpčastom rustikom, a središnji je prolaz pod polukružnim lukom. Cijelo je pročelje zaključeno dvojnim arhitravom, a središnji je dio naglašen povišenim zabatom.

       S vremenom je pokapanje na židovskom groblju prihvaćeno, a u južni su ogradni zid zazidane dvadeset dvije nadgrobne ploče prenesene s prvog židovskog groblja, terena Zenikovich iz Zagrada. Cijelo je groblje opasano željeznom ogradom, koja je kasnije uklonjena i zamijenjena zidićem. Zbog progona Židova i iseljavanja nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, veći je dio grobova bez nasljednika i vlasnika, pa ubrzano propada.

       U novijoj je povijesti opet bilo nevolja jer je 1976. došlo do eksproprijacije židovskog groblja, koje je dano na uporabu i upravljanje Općini Rijeka, odnosno Komunalnoj organizaciji udruženog rada "Parkovi i nasadi", dok je starije grobljansko polje s dvjesto dvadeset šest grobova trebalo biti ustupljeno za javnu uporabu. Uplatom uporabe tog polja za sljedećih trideset godina, Židovska općina ipak ga je uspjela zadržati.

       Inž. Zdenko Sila projektira 1981. u jednom dijelu židovskog groblja spomenik za dvjesto sedamdeset pet žrtava holokausta 1941. - 1945.

       Novije grobljansko polje s tristo trinaest grobova postalo je 1993. spomen-groblje i zaštićeno spomen-područje. Iste godine obnavlja se mrtvačnica židovskog groblja na Kozali sredstvima Grada Rijeke.


Daina Glavočić: Kozala, monografija o riječkom komunalnom groblju i o kulturi pokapanja u Rijeci (str. 22 i 51-53); izdavač Komunalno društvo Kozala d.o.o., Rijeka, 2002.

        In 1781 an independent Jewish religious community with its own house of payer and a small cemetery outside the city walls in the town area of Zagrad that is Pomerio (the northern part of Zeniković terrain – next to today’s Trinajstić st.) was officially founded. As the surrounding area of the wine yard around the cemetery developed and was turning into a (future) residential area, citizens complains became louder, while citizens of the Zeniković area demanded the relocation of the current (old) Jewish cemetery to the area of the new one – in Kozala. As an argument for their demand the citizens adduced the fact that the Jewish cemetery rose on private property an in addition to it was situated next to a busy street and populated neighborhood. However, the new cemetery would not be utilized before 1904, located on a prior allotted field of the new municipal cemetery of Kozala.




         Rijeka’s Governatorate warned more than once the Jewish community to end burial on their former cemetery, and after French retreat from Rijeka in 1831, wrote them an offer to ransom together with the greek orthodox a part of Kozala cemetery and bury their dead there, giving them a timeline they found too short, so they filled complaint. Not even after the purchase of the so-called Tudorovich terrain in 1836, part of which was foreseen for Jews (and one for the greek orthodox), they take no action in regard of the relocation of the cemetery, despise the fact they met few times to discuss it. And whereas the greek orthodox were relocated to Kozala by 1856, the Jews, because of the specific and difficult situation, had to wait till 1875. On Kozala remained 1.338 buried.

         On the layout of the cemetery, Eng. Emily planned, charted and inscribed a field for the Jewish cemetery. In the 1856 drafts it was a corner lot on the left next to the entrance to the cemetery (where today is the stonemason and service area). Eng. Giacomo Mattich suggested in 1882 a draft for the arrangement of that corner lot, he built a wall to separate it from the municipal and the lower, catholic field.

         With a transversal wall dividing the field in two, layered the slight slope in two levels. On the draft is noted that work will be done by the protomuratore Giovanni Serdoz, the head mason. In the meantime the Society Chevra Cadischa in Fiume purchased an additional part of field with the purpose of expanding the Jewish cemetery. It emerges from the 1889 expansion plan for the Jewish cemetery, the Technical office got only in 1893, the expansion pertained the next lot which was a municipal field, almost twice the size of the existing Jewish cemetery. Both the lots, the old and the new one, were situated next to the southern wall. The same plan defined a wall towards the western dale, still existing, which separated the Jewish from the catholic cemetery.




         On the old part of the cemetery, by the wall next to the road that leads from Rijeka to the main entrance of Kozala cemetery, the constructor Francesco Plaček invented a small morgue with the entrance toward the cemetery. This small house was designed as a single floor with a roof. The facade is symmetrically divided into two arch-shaped openings with an oculus in the middle of the front and an order of semi-circular blind arcades under the edge, which give the edifice a neoroman note. One half of the building was supposed to be a morgue, and the other a passage to the cemetery.

       It seems this building very soon became too small, as in June 1893 Plaček delivered a new draft for the morgue, a bit larger, squared layout with three compartments. In between the two compartments intended for the common deaths and contagious ones, there is a passage with a door of wrought steel. The facade is neoclassic, divided in three parts – between four Corinthian semi-columns with a tall basis, side walls are decorated with a horizontal rustic strip, while the central passage lies under a semi-circular arch. The whole facade is locked under a dual architrave, as the central part is emphasized by an elevated gable.

       In time, burial on the new Jewish cemetery was accepted, and in the southern wall were immured twenty two headstones transferred from the first cemetery, from the Zenikovich terrain in Zagrad. The whole cemetery is encircled by a an iron fence, later removed and replaced with a low wall. Due to persecution and Jewish emigration after World War II, most of the graves have no current owners and heirs, and is rapidly going to ruins.

       In recent history, troubled times occurred for the cemetery : in 1976 it was expropriated and given to usufruct to the common of Rijeka, that is to the municipal Society "Parkovi i nasadi", while the old field with 226 graves was to be given to public use. Nevertheless, thanks to the field usage payment for the next thirty years, the Jewish community managed to keep it.

       Eng. Zdenko Sila designed in 1981 a monument for 275 Rijeka’s Holocaust victims.

       In 1993 the new cemetery became a memorial cemetery and protected memorial area. The same year the City of Rijeka renovated the morgue.


Daina Glavočić: Kozala, monografija o riječkom komunalnom groblju i o kulturi pokapanja u Rijeci (pp. 22 & 51-53); Ed. Komunalno društvo Kozala d.o.o., Rijeka, 2002.

       Pred kraj 19. stoljeća opatijski su Židovi sahranjivali svoje pokojnike na zajedničkom, kršćanskom groblju. Gradska je uprava odlučila sagraditi novo groblje koje bi odgovaralo potrebama sve većeg broja mještana.



       Među sedamdesetak Židova koji su u to vrijeme živjeli u Opatiji, organizirala se grupa koja će se pobrinuti o specifičnim potrebama njihove zajednice kao što je izgradnja sinagoge, izgradnja groblja i osnutak Židovske općine. Ovakva odluka bila je važna i gostima židovske vjeroispovijesti, koji su u velikom broju posjećivali Opatiju i boravili u njenim hotelima i lječilištima.



       U svrhu izgradnje groblja sakupljali su se novčani prilozi, a zahvaljujući poznanstvima, znatan prilog sakupljen je i u krugu prijatelja u Beču, Budimpešti i Karlsbadu. U pregovorima s gradskom upravom i gradonačelnikom, doktorom Stangerom, otkupljeno je zemljište koje se nadovezivalo na postojeće općinsko groblje.



       Prema sačuvanim arhivskim dokumentima s izgradnjom graničnog zida započelo se 1908. godine. Izgradnja je također trajala dugo, budući da se radilo dinamikom kojom su pristizale donacije. Planom groblja predviđalo se prvotno sagraditi samo jednu razinu, nakon koje bi slijedile druge dvije. Prva razina, koja se i danas koristi, sagrađena je 1912. godine , te je bila spremna za sahrane. Prva je bila ukopana Henriete Kadisch.



       Za izgradnju opatijskog židovskog groblja zaslužni su brojni članovi židovske zajednice, a posebno Bernard Nathan, njen dugogodišnji predsjednik. Nakon izbivanja tijekom ratnih godina i po povratku u Opatiju, Nathan je inicirao i proveo podizanje spomenika u čast žrtvama nacističkog i fašističkog režima. Spomenik je izrađen od ostataka oltara iz uništenog hrama. Svečano je otkriven 1. svibnja 1955. godine.

       Towards the end of the 19th century, Jews from Opatija buried their deceased in the shared, Christian cemetery. The city administration had decided to build a new cemetery which would meet the needs of the growing number of locals.



       Among about seventy Jews, who lived at that time in Opatija, a group was organized, that would take care of the specific needs of their community, such as building of the synagogue, construction of the cemetery, and the establishment of the Jewish community. This decision was also important to the guests with the Jewish religious affiliation, who visited Opatija in large numbers, and stayed in its hotels and sanatoria.



       Donations had been collected in order to build the cemetery, and thanks to acquaintances, a considerable amount was collected in a circle of friends in Vienna, Budapest and Karlsbad. In negotiations with the city administration and the mayor, doctor Stanger, a land was purchased, adjacent to the already existing municipal cemetery



       According to the preserved archival documents, the construction of the border wall had begun in 1908. The construction itself lasted for a long time, since the dynamics had been set by the arriving donations. With the cemetery plan, only one level was envisaged to be built at first, and after it, the other two were supposed to follow. The first level, which is still being used today, was built in 1912, and it was ready for funerals. The first person to be buried was Henriete Kadisch.



       Numerous members of the Jewish community were responsible for the construction of the Jewish cemetery in Opatija, and Bernard Nathan in particular, its longtime president. After absence during the war years, and upon his return to Opatija, Nathan had initiated and implemented the construction of the monument to honor the victims of the nazi and fascist regimes. The monument was created from the remains of the altar of the ruined temple. It was ceremoniously unveiled on May 1st, 1955.